Product Management

Weekly Active Users

Daily Active Users

Monthly Active Users

the more choices a person has, the longer it takes for them to make a decision

also known as source control, is the practice of tracking and managing changes to software code

Balanced Scorecard

a three-stage framework: Unfreeze, Change, and Refreeze, designed to manage organizational transitions by moving from the status quo to a desired state

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers

Bidirectional Autoregressive Transformer Model

the speed of a task is limited by the part that cannot be improved

Senior Product Manager

the weights and biases that a model adjusts during training to minimize error and improve predictions

Recurrent Neural Network

Convolutional Neural Network

Artificial Neural Network

the additional features, services, or benefits added to a core product to enhance its value and differentiate it from competitors

the strategic process of bringing a product to market, driving demand, and enabling sales through targeted messaging, positioning, and adoption strategies

increment is a usable product created during each Sprint that becomes a concrete stepping stone toward achieving the Product Goal

delivers value in short cycles (Sprints) through planning, execution, review, and continuous improvement

consists of Scrum Master, Product Owner, Developers

the loss of sales of an existing product due to the introduction of a new, similar product by the same company

the strategic process of identifying key rivals and researching their products, sales, marketing, and pricing to assess their strengths and weaknesses

explains how a new product, idea, or technology spreads through a population over time, from first introduction to widespread adoption.

Traction Market Fit

a strategy tool from Blue Ocean Strategy that helps businesses innovate by eliminating, reducing, raising, and creating factors to unlock new market space

a simple, visual decision-making technique used by teams to prioritize ideas or options quickly

a graphical tool used to compare multiple variables across the same scale

a visual thinking tool used to organize information around a central idea

Driver, Approver, Contributor, Informed

Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal

refers to any product bought by individuals for personal use or consumption, rather than for resale or business use

items that consumers spend time comparing based on price, quality, features, or style

goods that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with minimal comparison or effort

Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, Strengths

a strategic framework used by multibusiness corporations to evaluate and prioritize investments across different business units or products

Product, Price, Place, Promotion

People, Process, Physical Evidence

a strategic tool used to analyze a company’s product portfolio based on market share and market growth

the process of defining how a product is perceived in the minds of customers compared to competitors

Average Selling Price

is the 6th stage in the product management lifecycle

a comprehensive, long-term marketing strategy designed to create awareness, interest, and desire for your product or service, ultimately building a predictable revenue pipeline

the fifth phase in the product management lifecycle

the fourth phase in the product management lifecycle

a UX research method where representative users perform specific tasks on a product/feature while researchers observe, listen, and take notes

Non-Disclosure Agreement

the third phase in the product management lifecycle

the secound phase in Product Managment Lifecycle

rate at which updates are released (daily, weekly, monthly)

Mean Time to Recovery

numbers that look impressive but don’t really tell you how well your product or business is doing

meeting held at the end of a sprint cycle to reflect on the completed sprint

the number of story points a team an complete in a single sprint

shortcut today that saves time, but creates problems you’ll need to fix later

estimate how hard a story is, not how long it takes

Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, Testable

a meeting held at the end of a sprint where the team demonstrates the completed work and gathers feedback from stakeholders

Project Management Professional

the list of work the team commits to complete during a sprint

the process of keeping the product backlog clear, prioritized, and ready for development

everything to build, ordered by value

a short, time-boxed period (typically 2 weeks) in which an Agile team works to complete a specific set of work and deliver a usable outcome

a philosophy for doing work

an Agile framework that helps teams deliver value incrementally through iterative sprints and continuous feedback

a daily meeting where the Scrum team plans work for the next 24 hours and identifies blockers

a software development practice where two developers work together at one workstation on the same task

Test-Driven Development

improving the internal structure of code without changing its external behavior

a simple, structured language used to write test scenarios in a way that’s easy for both technical and non-technical stakeholders to understand

Key Risk Indicator

Work In Progress

a run chart of remaining work

eXtreme Programming

a visual method for managing work that helps teams improve flow and limit work in progress

a traditional software development methodology where work is done in a linear, sequential order, each phase must be completed before the next one begins

Tree of Thoughts

a text-generation sampling method where the model selects the next token from the smallest set of tokens whose cumulative probability is at least P

the infrastructure or framework used to run, manage, test, and monitor AI agents

the process of re-running previously validated test cases to ensure that new code changes haven't broken existing functionality

the process of designing effective prompts to generate better and desired responses

a simple, direct prompt to an AI without context, structure, or guidance, and expecting the model to figure everything out on its own

the practice of using valuable content to attract and convert a target audience without direct advertising

Variational AutoEncoder

are deep learning models that use self-attention to process entire sequences in parallel

instructions or questions that are given to a generative AI model to generate new content

a generative AI model that learns how to reverse noise to generate realistic content

Chain of Thought

an AI that can autonomously decide and act to achieve goals, not just respond to prompts

Google’s family of AI models developed by Google DeepMind

Generative Pre-trained Transformer

Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery/Deployment

Development and Operations

Generative Adversarial Network

a collection of related data, usually organized in a structured way so it can be stored, analyzed, and processed

Single-Page Application

focuses on classifying data and making predictions by learning boundaries between categories, rather than creating new content

helps compare two opposites to clarify decisions, trade-offs, and positioning

an AI-generated or AI-modified media (video, audio, or images) that realistically imitates a real person’s appearance or voice, making them appear to say or do things they never did

an AI model trained on a company’s internal data and deployed only for its employees

Information Technology Project Manager

Total outcome = 0

a system fails to detect something that is actually present

the system says YES, but the actual answer is NO

Growth Product Manager

Robotic Process Automation

Collaborative Robot

AI at the device level, not in the cloud

a computing model where data is processed near the source (edge)

Internet of Things

Natural Language Generation

Natural Language Understanding

Computer Vision

Text-to-Speech

Speech-to-Text

a collapsible content component that allows users to expand and collapse sections to view or hide information

adjusting a model so it works well for a particular use case

a mathematical function applied to a neuron’s output that decides whether it should be activated

a type of machine learning where an agent learns by interacting with an environment and improving its actions based on rewards or penalties

a type of machine learning where the model is trained on unlabeled data, there are no correct answers provided

a type of machine learning where a model is trained using labeled data, that is, each training example includes both the input and the correct output

refers to machine learning models capable of processing and integrating information from multiple modalities or types of data

a senior Individual-Contributor (IC) product role with high strategic impact, deep ownership, and influence without people management

Technical Product Manager

Call to Action

evaluates a machine’s intelligence based on whether its responses are indistinguishable from a human’s in conversation

the practice of giving input to an AI system so it can produce the desired output

is a storage location used to organize, track, and manage files or information

refers to an AI system with human-level intelligence that can understand, learn, and apply knowledge across multiple domains, just like a human

Artificial General Intelligence

AI built to handle one specific function without general intelligence

a hypothetical and purely theoretical form of AI that would have consciousness, self-awareness, and an understanding of its own existence

an AI system capable of understanding and responding to human emotions, intentions, and beliefs

uses past data to improve predictions or decisions for a short period of time

reacts to present situations without memory or learning capability

a step further than predictive AI by suggesting the best possible course of action

uses historical data and machine learning models to forecast future events or outcomes

focuses on summarizing what happened using historical data

Human intelligence + AI support

a type of machine learning inspired by the human brain that use interconnected layers of algorithms to recognize patterns and solve complex problems in data

Customer Success

Account Executive

refer to statistical data about the characteristics of a population.

Order Management System

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Critical Success Factor

designing products to wear out, become incompatible, or feel outdated sooner than necessary

End of Life

a Product Lifecycle stage. Profitability decreases. The product completes its lifecycle

a pricing strategy where prices change in real time based on demand, supply, customer behavior, time, or market conditions

a pricing strategy where a company sets the price by adding a markup to the total cost of producing and delivering the product

a pricing strategy where the price is set based on the perceived value to the customer, not on cost or competitor prices

a pricing strategy where prices are set in relation to competitors’ pricing to remain attractive in the market

a pricing strategy of setting a low initial price to quickly gain market share and establish a customer base

a pricing strategy where a product is priced higher than competitors to signal superior quality

a strategy where a company launches a new, innovative product at a high price to "skim" profits from early adopters, then gradually lowers the price over time to attract more price-sensitive customers, capturing maximum revenue across different market segments

the demand for a particular brand or product within an existing market category

a brief summary or general survey of something

the process of evaluating your product against competitors’ products to understand strengths, weaknesses, differences, and unique features

the path or medium through which a product or service is sold to customers

a fully release of a new product or service to the public

the state where a product is sufficiently validated, stable, and positioned to be successfully launched and adopted by its target market

Minimum Viable Product

Proof of Concept

A panel that slides in from the side or bottom without fully blocking the page

small hint that appears on hover, tap, or focus

a UI element that pops up over the main screen, requiring user interaction before they can return to the underlying content

the release of a new product or service to a restricted audience or market in advance of a full launch

limited real-world test before scale

makes sure the right version of the product is released to the right users at the right time

a collection of various media utilized to bolster the sales of a product or service, typically encompassing brochures or sell sheets crafted as supportive tools for sales purposes

Includes all the goals to achieve through beta testing and outlines the logistics of how the test will be conducted

a justification for a project or decision that explains its value, costs, benefits, and risks to enable informed approval

a document that validates that all functional, technical, operational, and business checks are complete before proceeding

planning ahead so that if something goes wrong, the damage is minimal

any approved modification to the originally agreed project or product deliverables

a formal process to manage changes to a project, product, or system after work has already started, so that changes don’t create chaos, delays, or cost overruns

Uncontrolled changes to the scope due to interference from stakeholders or due to misunderstandings from the project manager

a structured check-in to evaluate how a program is performing against its goals

Configuration Management

Small and Medium-sized Business

a simple, low-fidelity layout that shows the basic structure and placement of elements in a screen without visual design details

a quick, low-cost version of a product or feature created to test ideas before fully building them

Information Architecture

the person responsible for planning, executing, and delivering a project successfully within the agreed scope, timeline, and budget

a rule, constraint, or safety boundary that ensures teams don’t make decisions that could harm the product, business, or users

releasing a feature slowly, instead of releasing it to everyone at once

when you make a choice, you lose the benefits you could have gotten from the other option

Customer Satisfaction

a concise and clear description of an issue that needs to be addressed or a goal to be achieved

using data as a critical input alongside other factors, such as experience, intuition, and qualitative insights, to make decisions

Enterprise Resource Planning

Customer Relationship Management

Objectives and Key Results

the first major phase of testing for a product, done internally before releasing it to real users

Cost of Goods Sold

a linear display of events over time

a series of planned development activities illustrating future product releases on either a calendar or rolling year basis

Unique Selling Proposition

Group Product Manager

Chief Product Officer

Associate Product Manager

the process of carefully examining and verifying information before making a decision or moving forward with a particular action or agreement

North Star Metric

a mutual agreement that defines a team’s goals, roles, norms, and expectations to ensure effective collaboration and accountability

New Product Introduction

a document that identifies, assesses, and tracks potential risks to a project or organization

a framework used to classify and evaluate software quality attributes.

Quarterly Business Review

work expands to fill the time available for its completion

a time management tool that helps you prioritize tasks based on urgency and importance

describes how a user interacts with a system to achieve a specific goal

the process of discovering and defining what value a product or feature will deliver

the tendency to continue investing in something just because you’ve already spent time, money, or effort on it, even when it’s no longer the best choice

a visual design of what a product feature or interface will look like before it's built

Rough Order of Magnitude

Joint Application Design

the group in a scientific study that receives the specific treatment or intervention being tested

a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment being tested

define what a system or its component must do, outlining the specific features and functionalities it needs to possess

the process of evaluating something based on facts, not personal feelings or opinions

customer needs that exist but are not yet recognized or articulated by the customers themselves

Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action

a scoring guide that outlines criteria and performance levels to ensure consistent and fair evaluation

Market Requirement Document

Serviceable Obtainable Market

Serviceable Available Market

Total Addressable Market

a critical document that serves as the foundation for a project's planning and execution

a visual tool that represents a project's significant events and key deadlines on a timeline

a project management tool that visually shows a project’s schedule over time

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

the first phase of the Product Management Lifecycle. New product concepts are identified, and the concept is reviewed for viability and attractiveness

it’s about getting everyone on the same page so decisions and actions move in the same direction

Product Concept Document

a framework that categorizes product features based on how they affect customer satisfaction, distinguishing between basic, performance, and delighting attributes

Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won’t have

the rate at which customers stop using your product or service

adding more people doesn’t always mean more output, bigger teams can slow progress

groups overvalue shared information and ignore unique insights, which can lead to poor decisions.

the tendency to make different decisions based on how the same information is presented

the ability to understand customers and promote products effectively

cognitive bias where we incorrectly assume that everyone knows as much as we do on a given topic

Data Protection and Digital Privacy

General Data Protection Regulation

a widely used list of the most critical web application security risks

ability to sense other people's emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine what someone else might be thinking or feeling

Emotional Intelligence

Post-Traumatic Growth

a belief in their own ability to learn and respond in the face of challenge

the cost of producing each unit goes down when a company produces more

an informational document that promote or highlight the features of a solution, product, or service it offers or plans to offer

A common team-building model developed by Bruce Tuckman

a story or report about something real, showing what happened, why it happened, and what can be learned from it

Net Promoter Score

an expert user who maximizes the tool’s potential

the moments where users first experience a product's key benefits

the process of identifying real user problems and validating the right solutions before building the product

No trust, avoid conflict, don’t commit, avoid accountability, ignore team results

adapting your tone, style, and method to fit the audience, purpose, and context

learns from data using neural networks with many layers

Business Analysis Body of Knowledge

A process of assessing internal and external factors to understand the current state and guide informed decisions

using data to drive insights

ability to examine information or a situation to understand it, identify patterns, and make decisions

Work Breakdown Structure

a product becomes more valuable as more people use it

overthinking to the point of not taking action

a method of asking customers about their problems and past behavior instead of asking for opinions, so you get honest, useful feedback instead of polite lies

International Software Product Management Association

Business Analyst

the ability to break down information, find patterns, and make logical decisions.

the ability to look beyond features and see the bigger picture: user needs, patterns, future possibilities, and strategy

coming up with ideas to solve a problem or create something new

a systematic way to combine expert judgments when exact data is unavailable

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control

is an international guideline that defines how to measure and analyze innovation in businesses and industries.

a framework to analyze industry competition and profitability through five force: new entrants, suppliers, buyers, substitutes, and rivalry

Behavior-Driven Development

are the specific conditions a feature must meet to be considered complete and approved by stakeholders

Human Resource Management System

Willingness To Sell

Willingness To Pay

is when you use information that’s already been collected by others, instead of gathering new data yourself

strategic planning tool that helps businesses decide how to grow

Quality Function Deployment

the process of dividing a broad market into smaller groups of consumers with similar needs, characteristics, or behaviors to target them more effectively

describes a product in five layers of value, ranging from its fundamental benefit to potential future enhancements

A situation where a Product Manager has dual roles, managing product planning and supporting projects stemming from their work

Subject Matter Expert

Individual responsible for coaching and facilitating development teams to ensure adherence to Scrum processes and effectiveness

Product Owner

Nominal Group Technique

Retrieval-Augmented Generation

After-Action Review

a document preparation system built on top of TeX

a typesetting system for high-quality documents, especially with math or scientific content

a table that helps you compare options by scoring them against key criteria to choose the best one

80% of results come from 20% of the effort or causes

a quick daily check-in where team members share what they did, what they're doing next, and any blockers

an idea generation done silently by writing and sharing ideas instead of speaking

a group activity where people quickly generate many ideas without judgment to solve a problem or spark creativity

AI evaluations

a high level statement that outlines a product's long term goals, and aspirations

elevator pita brief, persuasive summary (30–60 seconds) that explains who you are, what you do, and why it matters.

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely

visual displays for presenting essential project information, ensuring all team members stay informed and aligned

Certified Product Manager

strategic management of projects

Association of International Product Marketing and Management

Product Management and Marketing Body of Knowledge

Key Result Area

Audience, Community, Product

Average Revenue Per User

Key Performance Indicator

Social-Emotional Intelligence

Software as a Service

user-centered approach to solving problems through empathy, creativity, prototyping, and testing

Product Life Cycle

Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed

Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify

Design For Six Sigma

Developer eXperience

Political, Economic, Social, and Technological

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats

Large Language Model

general-purpose AI models you can adapt for specific uses

Machine Learning

Artificial Intelligence

Generative AI

Development, Security, and Operations

Chief Product & Technology Officer

Internal Rate of Return

the process of conceiving, planning, developing, testing, launching, delivering and retiring products

a fictional but research-based representation of your ideal or target user

Customer Data Platform

time an investment takes to recover its initial cost from cash inflows

the ability to understand and manage various business situations effectively

Net Present Value

Business Intelligence

a group with diverse expertise working together on a shared goal

a guided group discussion used to gather insights on a specific topic or product

Product Marketing Manager

Opportunity Solution Tree

Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act

a large body of work that’s too big to finish in a single sprint, so it gets broken down into smaller user stories

Queries Per Second

Jobs to Be Done

Product Operations

Impact, Confidence, Ease

Peer-to-Peer

Return on Investment

Product Manager

Monthly Recurring Revenue

refers to a process where platforms degrade over time, compromising user experience for profit

Reach, Impact, Confidence, and Effort

Voice of the Customer

Acquisition, Activation, Retention, Referral and Revenue

Role-Based Access Control

Cost Per Lead

Social Media Marketing

Customer eXperience

artifacts are tangible items that provide evidence of a project's progress, goals, and results

Software Development Engineer in Test

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortisation

LifeTime Value

Customer Acquisition Cost

Net Revenue Retention

Annual Recurring Revenue

when something that used to work breaks after new code is introduced

Product-Market Fit

User eXperience

User Interface

Natural Language Processing

Software Development Life Cycle

Go-To-Market

the smallest unit of work needed to implement part of a story

a simple description of a feature or functionality told from the perspective of the end user

Functional Specification Document

Product Requirements Document

Business Requirement Document

Certified Scrum Product Owner

Request for Proposal

Individual Contributor

Ideal Customer Profile

Application Programming Interface

JavaScript Object Notation

Marketing Qualified Lead

Product-Led Growth

Root Cause Analysis